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<title>Second audio program</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Second audio program</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an American analog television standard which is a part of MTS. For the secondary audio feed on television in general, see <a href="Sound_multiplex_in_broadcasting" title="Sound multiplex in broadcasting">Sound multiplex in broadcasting</a>.</div>

</p><p><b>Second audio program</b> (<b>SAP</b>), also known as <b>secondary audio programming</b>, is an auxiliary <a href="Audio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio channel">audio channel</a> for <a href="Analog_television" title="Analog television">analog television</a> that can be <a href="Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> or transmitted both <a href="Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">over-the-air</a> and by <a href="Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a>. Used mostly for <a href="Audio_description" title="Audio description">audio description</a> or other languages, SAP is part of the <a href="Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">multichannel television sound</a> (MTS) standard originally set by the National Television Systems Committee (<a href="NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>) in 1984 in the United States. The NTSC <a href="Video_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Video format">video format</a> and MTS are also used in <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>SAP is often used to provide audio tracks in languages other than the native language included in the program. In the United States, this is sometimes used for <a href="Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish-language</a> audio (especially during sports telecasts), often leading to the function being referred to facetiously as the "Spanish audio program". Likewise, some Spanish-language programs may offer English on SAP, seen with <a href="Association_football" title="Association football">soccer</a> networks including <a href="BeIN_Sports_(American_TV_channel)" title="BeIN Sports (American TV channel)">beIN Sports</a> (which features the same setup on its English and Spanish channels, and more rarely with general channels. Some stations may relay <a href="NOAA_Weather_Radio" title="NOAA Weather Radio">NOAA Weather Radio</a> services, or, particularly in the case of <a href="PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> stations, a local <a href="NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> (NPR) sister station, on the audio channel when SAP is not being used, and even commercial radio stations which are either sister operations or <a href="Brokered_programming" title="Brokered programming">broker their programming</a> onto the SAP channel. In Canada, parliamentary and public affairs channel <a href="CPAC_(TV_channel)" title="CPAC (TV channel)">CPAC</a> similarly uses SAP to carry both English and <a href="Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French-language</a> audio.

</p><p>SAP is also a means of distribution for <a href="Audio_description" title="Audio description">audio description</a> of programs for the <a href="Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a>. Under the <a href="Twenty-First_Century_Communications_and_Video_Accessibility_Act_of_2010" title="Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010">Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010</a>, top U.S. television networks and cable networks have been gradually required to broadcast quotas of audio described programming per-quarter,<sup id="cite_ref-tvnc-launch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvnc-launch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lexology-dv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lexology-dv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since May 26, 2015, broadcasters have been required under the Act to provide dictations on SAP of any "emergency information" displayed in a textual format outside of the <a href="Emergency_Alert_System" title="Emergency Alert System">Emergency Alert System</a> and newscasts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frequencies">Frequencies</h2></div>

<p>MTS features, including <a href="Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereo</a> and SAP, travel on <a href="Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">subcarriers</a> of the <i><a href="Video" title="Video">video</a></i> <a href="Carrier_wave" title="Carrier wave">carrier</a>, much like color for television. It is <i>not</i> carried on the audio carrier in the manner of stereo sound for an <a href="FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a> broadcast, however, as it only has a <a href="Frequency_deviation" title="Frequency deviation">frequency deviation</a> of ±25 kHz, whereas regular FM broadcasting has a deviation of ±75 kHz. The SAP subcarrier is located at 78.670 <a href="Kilohertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilohertz">kHz</a>, which is five times the 15.734 kHz corresponding to the <a href="Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">MTS</a> <a href="Pilot_signal" title="Pilot signal">pilot signal</a>. In turn, the MTS pilot is locked to the <a href="Horizontal_sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal sync">horizontal sync</a> <a href="Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> of the video carrier for stability. The SAP channel contains <a href="Monoaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoaural">mono</a> audio which has been <a href="DBX_(noise_reduction)" class="mw-redirect" title="DBX (noise reduction)">dbx</a>-<a href="Code" title="Code">encoded</a> for <a href="Audio_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio noise reduction">noise reduction</a>, to improve the <a href="Signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-noise ratio">signal-to-noise ratio</a>. The SAP audio has a <a href="Bandpass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandpass">bandpass</a> from 60 Hz to 12 kHz, which is less than the "regular" audio channel which runs from 50 Hz to 15 kHz.

</p><p>Though not technically an SAP channel, <a href="Television_station" title="Television station">television stations</a> can also broadcast a "PRO" (<a href="Professional" title="Professional">professional</a>) audio subcarrier which is used to communicate with station personnel, particularly those engaged in <a href="Electronic_news_gathering" title="Electronic news gathering">electronic news gathering</a>. This one-way audio channel allows individuals at the television station to send messages to people located away from the station, and is frequently employed during <a href="Remote_broadcast" title="Remote broadcast">on-location newscasts</a> as the <a href="Interruptible_foldback" title="Interruptible foldback">foldback</a> channel to <a href="Reporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Reporter">reporters</a> and <a href="Cameramen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameramen">cameramen</a>. This channel is located at 6.5 times the pilot (102.271 kHz), and is also part of the MTS standard.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_media">Other media</h2></div>

<p>Second audio programs are also available in other media. On analog <a href="Television_receive-only" title="Television receive-only">television receive-only</a> <a href="Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> systems, audio programs are manually tuned by their subcarrier frequency, commonly around 6 MHz, often as low as 5.8 or as high as 7.2. These travel the same way as the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discrete" class="extiw external" title="wikt:discrete">discrete</a> left and right main audio channels, and <a href="Automatic_Transmitter_Identification_System_(television)" title="Automatic Transmitter Identification System (television)">ATIS</a> <a href="Station_identification" title="Station identification">station ID</a>, which is heard as <a href="Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a>. On FM radio, <a href="Radio_reading_service" title="Radio reading service">radio reading services</a> and other audio programs can be heard on subcarriers through <a href="Subsidiary_communications_authority" title="Subsidiary communications authority">subsidiary communications authority</a>; however, these are generally prohibited from public listening without special equipment. <a href="HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a> subchannels, somewhat more widely available, operate on a similar premise but generally carry totally unrelated programming to the main feed.

</p><p>On <a href="Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> systems, selection is done through a menu as with analog television, though some provide easier access rather than having to dig down to find the option. Stations may also choose to transmit audio-only programs by assigning them to separate <a href="Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">digital subchannels</a> with an optional screen of title and artist information; however, this prevents the viewer from watching the main video in the case of television stations.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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